{ GUIDES }

Dive theory, from first principles

Every guide here follows the same rules: define the concept from scratch, show the arithmetic with real numbers, name the primary sources — Bühlmann, Yount & Hoffman, Erik Baker, NOAA — and back it with a free tool so you can test the idea on a real plan instead of taking our word for it. Educational only; none of it replaces training.

{ DEEP DIVES }

Gradient factors explained

What GF-low and GF-high actually do to your ascent — history, worked numbers, and the mistakes to avoid.

VPM-B vs Bühlmann

Dissolved-gas vs bubble models: where each comes from, how the profiles differ, and how to choose.

{ CONCEPTS & CALCULATORS }

SAC rate & RMV

Measure your gas consumption properly — the number every plan is built on.

CNS & OTU

The NOAA oxygen clock and pulmonary toxicity, with a worked deco-dive example.

Gas density

Work of breathing, CO₂ retention, and the 5.2 / 6.2 g/L guidance.

END

Equivalent narcotic depth, the O₂-narcotic convention, and choosing helium.

CCR planning

Setpoints, diluent choice and open-circuit bailout planning.

Nitrox MOD & best mix

ppO₂ limits, maximum operating depth and equivalent air depth.

Prefer it in smaller bites? Field Notes is the same first-principles material as a daily post — on the site and on Telegram.